{"id":2006,"date":"2026-04-09T14:55:14","date_gmt":"2026-04-09T14:55:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/?page_id=2006"},"modified":"2026-05-26T06:11:27","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T06:11:27","slug":"what-is-fullerene-c70","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/ko\/about-fullerene\/what-is-fullerene-c70\/","title":{"rendered":"\ud480\ub7ec\ub80c C70\uc774\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00\uc694?"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c{justify-content:space-between;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c > .gspb_row__content{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin:0 auto;width:100%;flex-wrap:wrap;}.gspb_row{position:relative;}div[id^=gspb_col-id]{box-sizing:border-box;position:relative;}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c{min-height:420px;}body.gspb-bodyfront #gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c > .gspb_row__content{width:var(--theme-container-width,1200px);}body.gspb-bodyfront #gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c > .gspb_row__content{max-width:var(--theme-normal-container-max-width,1200px);}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c{margin-bottom:80px;}@media (max-width:999.98px){#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c{margin-bottom:80px;padding-top:220px;}}@media (max-width:689.98px){#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c{margin-bottom:60px;padding-top:200px;}}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c{background-size:cover;background-position:50% 40%;}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c{background-image:url(https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/pexels-pixabay-356040-scaled.jpg);}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c:hover{background-size:cover;}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c > .gspb_backgroundOverlay{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:-1;}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c > .gspb_backgroundOverlay{background-color:#0f1a17c4;}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c{isolation:isolate;}<\/style>\n<section class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-row alignfull gspb_row gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c\" id=\"gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c\"><div class=\"gspb_backgroundOverlay\"><\/div><div class=\"gspb_row__content\"> <style>#gspb_col-id-gsbp-4533af0.gspb_row__col--12{width:100%;}@media (max-width:689.98px){#gspb_col-id-gsbp-4533af0.gspb_row__col--12{width:100%;}}body #gspb_col-id-gsbp-4533af0.gspb_row__col--12{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-content:center;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-row-column gspb_row__col--12 gspb_col-id-gsbp-4533af0\" id=\"gspb_col-id-gsbp-4533af0\"><style>#gspb_row-id-gsbp-b4a30c0{justify-content:space-between;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-b4a30c0 > .gspb_row__content{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin:0 auto;width:100%;flex-wrap:wrap;}.gspb_row{position:relative;}div[id^=gspb_col-id]{box-sizing:border-box;position:relative;}@media (max-width:999.98px){#gspb_row-id-gsbp-b4a30c0 > .gspb_row__content{row-gap:20px;}}body.gspb-bodyfront #gspb_row-id-gsbp-b4a30c0 > .gspb_row__content{width:var(--theme-container-width,1200px);}body.gspb-bodyfront #gspb_row-id-gsbp-b4a30c0 > .gspb_row__content{max-width:var(--theme-normal-container-max-width,1200px);}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-b4a30c0{margin-bottom:0px;}@media (max-width:999.98px){#gspb_row-id-gsbp-b4a30c0{margin-bottom:80px;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-row gspb_row gspb_row-id-gsbp-b4a30c0 gspb_row--gutter-custom-0\" id=\"gspb_row-id-gsbp-b4a30c0\"><div class=\"gspb_row__content\"> <style>#gspb_col-id-gsbp-56a8c3e.gspb_row__col--8{width:calc(66.66666666666667% - 25px);}@media (max-width:999.98px){#gspb_col-id-gsbp-56a8c3e.gspb_row__col--8{width:100%;}}@media (max-width:689.98px){#gspb_col-id-gsbp-56a8c3e.gspb_row__col--8{width:calc(100% - 25px);}}@media (max-width:689.98px){#gspb_col-id-gsbp-56a8c3e.gspb_row__col--8{width:100%;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-row-column gspb_row__col--8 gspb_row__col--md-12 gspb_col-id-gsbp-56a8c3e\" id=\"gspb_col-id-gsbp-56a8c3e\"><style>#gspb_heading-id-gsbp-9c25d83{font-size:48px;line-height:1.2em;}@media (max-width:999.98px){#gspb_heading-id-gsbp-9c25d83{font-size:50px;}}@media (max-width:689.98px){#gspb_heading-id-gsbp-9c25d83{font-size:35px;}}@media (max-width:999.98px){#gspb_heading-id-gsbp-9c25d83,#gspb_heading-id-gsbp-9c25d83 .gsap-g-line{text-align:center!important;}}#gspb_heading-id-gsbp-9c25d83{color:var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-8,var(--theme-palette-color-8,#ffffff));}#gspb_heading-id-gsbp-9c25d83{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}<\/style>\n<h1 id=\"gspb_heading-id-gsbp-9c25d83\" class=\"gspb_heading gspb_heading-id-gsbp-9c25d83 \"><strong>Fullerene C70<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n<style>.gspb_text-id-gsbp-ced9188{font-size:18px;}@media (max-width:999.98px){.gspb_text-id-gsbp-ced9188{font-size:16px;}}@media (max-width:999.98px){.gspb_text-id-gsbp-ced9188,.gspb_text-id-gsbp-ced9188 .gsap-g-line{text-align:center!important;}}.gspb_text-id-gsbp-ced9188{color:var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-8,var(--theme-palette-color-8,#ffffff));}.gspb_text-id-gsbp-ced9188{margin-top:30px!important;margin-bottom:0px!important;}<\/style>\n<div id=\"gspb_text-id-gsbp-ced9188\" class=\"gspb_text gspb_text-id-gsbp-ced9188 \"><strong><strong>Discovered alongside C60 in 1985, Fullerene C70 unlocked new possibilities in molecular electronics and organic photovoltaics. As an elongated ellipsoidal cage with 70 carbon atoms and D5h symmetry, its unique geometry provides superior light absorption across the visible spectrum. This hub serves as a precise data center for researchers and industry leaders exploring next-generation energy materials and high-performance nanotechnology.<br><\/strong><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n <\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n <\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<style>.gspb_container-id-gsbp-2203081{flex-direction:column;box-sizing:border-box;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-2203081.gspb_container > p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-2203081.gspb_container{position:relative;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-2203081.gspb_container{margin-bottom:0px;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-2203081.gspb_container{box-sizing:border-box;}body.gspb-bodyfront #gspb_container-id-gsbp-2203081.gspb_container{width:50%;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-container gspb_container gspb_container-gsbp-2203081\" id=\"gspb_container-id-gsbp-2203081\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fullerene C\u2087\u2080 represents another prominent molecular allotrope of carbon within the fullerene family, consisting entirely of 70 carbon atoms. Frequently referred to as the &#8220;rugby ball&#8221; or ellipsoidal fullerene due to its elongated shape, its geometric structure breaks away from the perfect spherical symmetry of C\u2086\u2080. Instead, it forms an asymmetrical, prolate spheroidal cage consisting of 70 carbon atoms bound together in a beautifully coordinated network of interlocking hexagons and pentagons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-is-fullerene-c\u2087\u2080\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Fullerene C\u2087\u2080?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fullerene C\u2087\u2080 is a discrete, hollow closed-cage carbon molecule comprising exactly 70 carbon vertices. It is the second most abundant and stable member of the fullerene family, closely following Buckminsterfullerene (C\u2086\u2080) in terms of industrial availability and scientific significance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"discovery-of-fullerene-c\u2087\u2080\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Discovery of Fullerene C\u2087\u2080<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fullerene C\u2087\u2080 was discovered in September 1985 during the same graphite laser vaporization experiments that revealed C\u2086\u2080. While inspecting the mass spectrometry data of the carbon soot, the research team noted a secondary, highly stable peak corresponding to a cluster of 70 carbon atoms, an achievement recognized globally by the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"molecular-formula-for-fullerene-c\u2087\u2080\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Molecular Formula for Fullerene C\u2087\u2080<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fullerene C\u2087\u2080 features the molecular formula C\u2087\u2080. It contains 70 carbon atoms arranged in an oblong configuration, creating a unique electronic and structural profile that distinguishes it from its spherical counterpart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"structure-of-fullerene-c\u2087\u2080\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Structure of Fullerene C\u2087\u2080<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The structural matrix of Fullerene C\u2087\u2080 is defined by its lower, elongated symmetry. Similar to other graphitic structures, each of the 70 carbon atoms is covalently bonded to three neighboring carbon atoms via localized $sp^2$ hybridization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The layout transitions from a sphere to a prolate spheroid, highly resembling a rugby ball or an American football.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The cage is mathematically composed of 12 pentagons and 25 hexagons.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To accommodate the extra 10 carbon atoms compared to C\u2086\u2080, a belt of 5 additional hexagons is effectively inserted around the equatorial plane of the molecule.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This structural variation changes the symmetry of the molecule to the $D_{5h}$ point group. The Isolated Pentagon Rule (IPR) remains perfectly satisfied, meaning no two pentagons share an edge, preserving high kinetic stability. At the nanoscale level, Fullerene C\u2087\u2080 has an irregular diameter, measuring approximately 0.71 nanometers across its equatorial belt and roughly 0.79 nanometers along its longitudinal axis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<style>.gspb_container-id-gsbp-32bf3bc{flex-direction:column;box-sizing:border-box;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-32bf3bc.gspb_container > p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-32bf3bc.gspb_container{position:relative;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-32bf3bc.gspb_container{box-sizing:border-box;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-container gspb_container gspb_container-gsbp-32bf3bc\" id=\"gspb_container-id-gsbp-32bf3bc\">\n<div><style>\n    .hk-c70-arch-wrapper {\n        background: #ffffff;\n        padding: 80px 20px;\n        width: 100%;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n    }\n    .hk-c70-arch-grid {\n        max-width: 1200px;\n        margin: 0 auto;\n        display: grid;\n        grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 0.9fr;\n        gap: 60px;\n        align-items: center;\n    }\n    .hk-c70-arch-content h2 {\n        font-size: 32px;\n        font-weight: 900;\n        font-style: italic;\n        margin-bottom: 24px;\n        color: #111827;\n    }\n    .hk-c70-arch-content p {\n        font-size: 16px;\n        color: #6b7280;\n        line-height: 1.7;\n        margin-bottom: 20px;\n    }\n    .hk-highlight-box {\n        background: #f9fafb;\n        border-left: 4px solid #2E7D32;\n        padding: 20px;\n        border-radius: 0 16px 16px 0;\n        margin: 30px 0;\n    }\n    .hk-highlight-box h4 { margin: 0 0 10px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827; }\n    .hk-c70-visual {\n        background: #ffffff;\n        border: 1px solid #eee;\n        border-radius: 40px;\n        padding: 40px;\n        text-align: center;\n        box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\n    }\n    .hk-c70-visual img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; transition: 0.5s; }\n    .hk-c70-visual:hover img { transform: scale(1.03); }\n    \n    @media (max-width: 900px) {\n        .hk-c70-arch-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 40px; }\n        .hk-c70-visual { padding: 30px 20px; }\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<section class=\"hk-c70-arch-wrapper\">\n    <div class=\"hk-c70-arch-grid\">\n        <div class=\"hk-c70-arch-content\">\n            <h2>The Molecular Architecture<\/h2>\n            <p>\n                The C70 molecule consists of 70 carbon atoms and has a rugby-ball-shaped structure. What makes this structure unique is that it possesses D5h point group symmetry, rather than the extremely high Ih symmetry found in C60.\n            <\/p>\n            <div class=\"hk-highlight-box\">\n                <h4>Why is low symmetry an advantage?<\/h4>\n                <p style=\"margin:0; font-size:14px; font-style:italic;\">\n                    The D5h symmetry breaks the forbidden transitions in the C60 orbitals. This means that C70 has a much higher extinction coefficient than C60 in the visible light spectrum (particularly between 500 nm and 700 nm), enabling it to capture more solar photons.\n                <\/p>\n            <\/div>\n            <div style=\"display:grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap:15px;\">\n                <div style=\"background:#f3f4f6; padding:15px; border-radius:12px;\">\n                    <div style=\"font-size:10px; font-weight:800; color:#2E7D32; text-transform:uppercase;\">Long Axis<\/div>\n                    <div style=\"font-size:18px; font-weight:900;\">0.79 nm<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div style=\"background:#f3f4f6; padding:15px; border-radius:12px;\">\n                    <div style=\"font-size:10px; font-weight:800; color:#2E7D32; text-transform:uppercase;\">Short Axis<\/div>\n                    <div style=\"font-size:18px; font-weight:900;\">0.71 nm<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"hk-c70-visual\">\n            <!-- \u5efa\u8bae\u653e\u7f6e C70 \u692d\u7403\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe -->\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/fullerene-c70-structural-diagram.webp\" alt=\"Fullerene C70 Ellipsoid Structure\" title=\"\">\n            <p style=\"margin-top:20px; font-size:12px; color:#9ca3af; text-transform:uppercase; font-weight:700;\">Geometric Diameter: 0.79 x 0.71 nm<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<style>.gspb_container-id-gsbp-d0c8bba{flex-direction:column;box-sizing:border-box;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-d0c8bba.gspb_container > p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-d0c8bba.gspb_container{position:relative;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-d0c8bba.gspb_container{margin-bottom:60px;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-d0c8bba.gspb_container{box-sizing:border-box;}body.gspb-bodyfront #gspb_container-id-gsbp-d0c8bba.gspb_container{width:50%;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-container gspb_container gspb_container-gsbp-d0c8bba\" id=\"gspb_container-id-gsbp-d0c8bba\">\n<h2 id=\"properties-of-fullerene-c\u2087\u2080\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Properties of Fullerene C\u2087\u2080<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The oval architecture and equatorial expansion of C\u2087\u2080 produce a distinct set of physical and chemical behaviors, particularly in how it interacts with light and solvents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"physical-properties\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Physical Properties<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are some of the key physical properties of Fullerene C\u2087\u2080:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Shape:<\/strong> An elongated, prolate ellipsoidal cage composed of 70 carbon atoms configured into 12 pentagons and 25 hexagons.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Size:<\/strong> Measures approximately 0.71 nm by 0.79 nm, exhibiting directional dimensional variance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Molecular Weight:<\/strong> Approximately 840 atomic mass units (amu).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Symmetry:<\/strong> Exhibits lower symmetry than C\u2086\u2080, belonging to the ellipsoidal $D_{5h}$ point group.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stability:<\/strong> Highly stable thermally and mechanically, capable of resisting high temperatures and pressures before undergoing structural degradation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Electron Delocalization:<\/strong> Possesses a complex delocalized $\\pi$-electron system, though the lower symmetry creates multiple non-equivalent carbon sites and distinct electronic transitions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Electrical Conductivity:<\/strong> Exhibits intrinsic semiconductor behavior with a bandgap profile slightly different from C\u2086\u2080, making it highly valuable for custom organic electronic devices.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Solubility:<\/strong> Soluble in non-polar aromatic organic solvents like toluene, benzene, and o-dichlorobenzene. Notably, its solubility profile behaves differently from C\u2086\u2080, and it dissolves to form a deep reddish-brown or orange-brown solution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Colour:<\/strong> Appears as a heavy, dark black or dark brown crystalline powder in its solid aggregated form.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Density:<\/strong> Possesses a mass density of approximately 1.72 g\/cm\u00b3, slightly denser than C\u2086\u2080 due to its packing morphology.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"chemical-properties\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chemical Properties<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are some of the key chemical properties of Fullerene C\u2087\u2080:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Reactivity:<\/strong> Remains stable under standard atmospheric conditions but displays increased chemical reactivity at specific regional double bonds due to uneven localized curvature and ring strain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Addition Reactions:<\/strong> Functions as an excellent electron acceptor (electron-deficient alkene). It readily participates in addition reactions across its double bonds with free radicals, hydrogen, and halogens, with reactions primarily targeting the highly strained equatorial region.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cycloaddition Reactions:<\/strong> Actively participates in complex cycloaddition mechanisms, providing a path to synthesize standardized derivatives (such as PC71BM) for thin-film electronic manufacturing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Functionalization:<\/strong> Can be exohedrally modified to introduce water-soluble or polymer-compatible functional groups onto its outer cage, modifying its physical properties for custom industrial deployment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Electrochemical Redox Profile:<\/strong> Functions as an efficient &#8220;electron pool,&#8221; capable of undergoing multiple reversible, single-electron reduction steps due to the high degeneracy of its lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<style>.gspb_container-id-gsbp-a8f5be9{flex-direction:column;box-sizing:border-box;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-a8f5be9.gspb_container > p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-a8f5be9.gspb_container{position:relative;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-a8f5be9.gspb_container{box-sizing:border-box;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-container gspb_container gspb_container-gsbp-a8f5be9\" id=\"gspb_container-id-gsbp-a8f5be9\">\n<h2 id=\"gspb_heading-id-gsbp-2773da9\" class=\"gspb_heading gspb_heading-id-gsbp-2773da9 \">Analytical Data Sets<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.gspb_text-id-gsbp-2c2e0e2{margin-bottom:40px!important;}<\/style>\n<div id=\"gspb_text-id-gsbp-2c2e0e2\" class=\"gspb_text gspb_text-id-gsbp-2c2e0e2 \">The C60 molecule consists of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons, where no two pentagons share an edge. This &#8220;Isolated Pentagon Rule&#8221; (IPR) is critical to its high stability. Every carbon atom is sp\u00b2 hybridized, forming a perfectly spherical delocalized \u03c0-system.<\/div>\n\n\n<style>.gspb-tabs *{box-sizing:border-box !important}.t-btn-container{display:flex;flex-direction:row;width:100%;align-items:center;margin-bottom:-1px;flex-wrap:wrap}.t-btn-container .t-btn{background-origin:border-box;list-style:none;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;margin:0;padding:11px 24px;cursor:pointer;position:relative;transition:all .4s ease-in-out;font-size:20px}.t-btn-container .t-btn .tabsubtitle{font-size:70%;opacity:.7}.gstabs-tabs .t-btn{border:1px solid transparent;border-top-width:2px}.gstabs-tabs .t-btn:focus{outline:none;}.gstabs-tabs .t-btn.active{border-color:rgba(206,206,206,.4);border-bottom-color:#fff;background-color:#fff;color:#333}.t-panel-container .t-panel{opacity:0;overflow:hidden;display:none}.t-panel-container .t-panel.active{opacity:1;display:block!important}.t-panel-container{margin-bottom:25px;overflow:hidden;padding:30px}.gstabs-tabs .t-panel-container{border:1px solid rgba(206,206,206,.4);background-color:#fff}.t-btn-container ul{margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.gstabs-underline .t-btn-container .t-btn:after{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;content:'';height:3px;width:0;transition:width .5s,left .5s,right .5s;}.gstabs-underline .t-btn-container .t-btn.active:after{width:100%;left:0;right:0}.gstabs-pills .t-btn-container .t-btn{margin:0 10px;border:1px solid transparent}.gstabs-vertical{display:flex}.gstabs-vertical .t-btn-container{display:block;width:150px}.gstabs-vertical .t-btn-container .t-btn{margin-bottom:10px;width:150px;border:1px solid transparent}.gstabs-vertical .t-panel-container{flex-grow:1}.t-btn-container .t-btn .gs-image{flex-grow:inherit;}.t-btn-container .t-btn img{margin:0;height:25px;min-width:auto}@keyframes gcwidthleftright{0%{width:0%}100%{width:100%}}@keyframes gcslidefromtop{0%{transform:translateY(-10px);opacity:0}100%{transform:translateY(0);opacity:1}}@media (max-width:689.98px){body .tabscroll .t-btn-container{overflow-x:scroll;flex-wrap:nowrap;scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;width:100% !important;white-space:nowrap;display:block;padding-bottom:15px}.tabscroll .t-btn-container .t-btn{scroll-snap-align:start;white-space:nowrap;width:auto !important;margin-right:10px;}.tabscroll .t-btn-container .t-btn.active{box-shadow:none!important}.gstabs-vertical{display:block !important}.gstabs-vertical .t-panel-container{margin-top:25px}.t-btn-container .t-btn{font-size:15px}}.gswipertabs{overflow:hidden}.t-panel-container .t-panel{width:100%}.t-panel-container p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}:root{--hk-primary:#2E7D32;--hk-border:#e5e7eb;} .gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 .t-btn-container{background:#f1f5f1 !important;padding:6px !important;border-radius:20px !important;gap:6px !important;display:flex !important;overflow-x:auto !important;scrollbar-width:none;margin-bottom:15px !important; position:relative;z-index:10;width:fit-content !important;border:none !important;}.gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 .t-btn-container::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;} .gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 .t-btn{padding:14px 28px !important;border:1px solid transparent !important;background:transparent !important;font-weight:700 !important;font-size:13px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;letter-spacing:1px !important;border-radius:14px !important; color:#9ca3af !important;transition:0.3s !important;white-space:nowrap !important;box-shadow:none !important;} .gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 .t-btn.active{background:#ffffff !important;color:var(--hk-primary) !important;border:1px solid var(--hk-border) !important;box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05) !important;} .gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 .t-panel-container{background:#ffffff !important;border:1px solid var(--hk-border) !important;border-radius:24px !important; padding:0 !important;box-shadow:0 20px 25px -5px rgba(0,0,0,0.05) !important;overflow:hidden !important; position:relative;z-index:1;} @media (max-width:768px){.gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 .t-panel-container{border-radius:24px !important;margin-top:10px;}}.gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 .t-btn-container{justify-content:left}.gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 > .t-btn-container > .t-btn{background-color:#f5f5f5}.gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 > .t-btn-container > .t-btn.active{background-color:#e5e5e5}.gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863.gspb-tabs> .t-btn-container > .t-btn.active{border-top-left-radius:20px;border-top-right-radius:20px;border-bottom-right-radius:20px;border-bottom-left-radius:20px;}.gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 .t-btn-container .t-btn{gap:10px}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-tabs gspb-tabs gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 gstabs-tabs\" data-autoplay=\"false\" data-autoplaytime=\"4\"><div class=\"t-btn-container\" role=\"tablist\"><button class=\"t-btn active\" aria-selected=\"true\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" id=\"gspb-tab-item-btn-gsbp-e78a863-0\" aria-controls=\"gspb-tab-item-content-gsbp-e78a863-0\"><div class=\"tabtitlelabel\">Physical &amp; Electronic Constants<\/div><\/button><button class=\"t-btn\" aria-selected=\"false\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"gspb-tab-item-btn-gsbp-e78a863-1\" aria-controls=\"gspb-tab-item-content-gsbp-e78a863-1\"><div class=\"tabtitlelabel\">Organic Solvent Solubility Matrix<\/div><\/button><button class=\"t-btn\" aria-selected=\"false\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"gspb-tab-item-btn-gsbp-e78a863-2\" aria-controls=\"gspb-tab-item-content-gsbp-e78a863-2\"><div class=\"tabtitlelabel\">Combustion Advantage<\/div><\/button><\/div><div class=\"t-panel-container\"><div class=\"gswipertabs\"><div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n<div aria-labelledby=\"gspb-tab-item-btn-gsbp-e78a863-0\" id=\"gspb-tab-item-content-gsbp-e78a863-0\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"t-panel swiper-slide active\"><div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-tab\">\n<div><style>\n    .hk-tab1-wrapper {\n        padding: 50px; \n        display: grid; \n        grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr)); \n        gap: 40px;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n    }\n    .hk-tab1-title {\n        font-size: 24px; font-weight: 800; font-style: italic; color: #111827; \n        margin: 0 0 30px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px;\n        line-height: 1.3;\n    }\n    .hk-data-row { border-bottom: 1px solid #f3f4f6; transition: 0.2s; }\n    .hk-data-row:hover { background: #fcfdfc; }\n    .hk-data-row td { padding: 18px 0; font-size: 14px; }\n    .hk-lbl { font-weight: 700; color: #6b7280; width: 50%; }\n    .hk-val { font-weight: 800; color: #111827; text-align: right; }\n    \n    .hk-insight-box {\n        background: #213631; color: #fff; padding: 32px; border-radius: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px;\n    }\n    .hk-orac-box {\n        padding: 24px; border: 1px solid #eee; border-radius: 24px; text-align: center;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile Optimization *\/\n    @media (max-width: 768px) {\n        .hk-tab1-wrapper { padding: 20px 15px; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 30px;}\n        .hk-tab1-title { font-size: 20px; }\n        .hk-data-row td { padding: 12px 0; }\n        .hk-insight-box { padding: 24px; }\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"hk-tab1-wrapper\">\n    <div class=\"hk-content-left\">\n        <h3 class=\"hk-tab1-title\">\n            <svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2E7D32\" stroke-width=\"2\" style=\"flex-shrink:0;\"><polygon points=\"13 2 3 14 12 14 11 22 21 10 12 10 13 2\"><\/polygon><\/svg>\n            Physical &amp; Electronic Constants\n        <\/h3>\n        <table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n            <tbody><tr class=\"hk-data-row\"><td class=\"hk-lbl\">Molecular Weight<\/td><td class=\"hk-val\">840.77 g\/mol<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr class=\"hk-data-row\"><td class=\"hk-lbl\">Molecular Shape<\/td><td class=\"hk-val\">Rugby-ball Ellipsoid<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr class=\"hk-data-row\"><td class=\"hk-lbl\">HOMO Energy<\/td><td class=\"hk-val\">~ -6.01 eV<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr class=\"hk-data-row\"><td class=\"hk-lbl\">LUMO Energy<\/td><td class=\"hk-val\">~ -4.04 eV<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr class=\"hk-data-row\"><td class=\"hk-lbl\">Band Gap ($E_g$)<\/td><td class=\"hk-val\">1.97 eV<\/td><\/tr>\n        <\/tbody><\/table>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hk-content-right\">\n        <div class=\"hk-insight-box\">\n            <h5 style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 800; margin: 0 0 16px;\">Electronic Insight<\/h5>\n            <p style=\"color: #d1d5db; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; margin: 0; line-height: 1.7;\">\n                &#8220;Unlike C60, the D5h symmetry of C70 breaks electronic transition selection rules, significantly enhancing light absorption in the 500-700nm visible range.&#8221;\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"hk-orac-box\">\n            <div style=\"font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; color: #9ca3af; text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 15px;\">Antioxidant Capacity<\/div>\n            <div style=\"display: flex; align-items: flex-end; justify-content: center; gap: 8px; height: 100px;\">\n                <div style=\"background: #2E7D32; width: 35px; height: 100%; border-radius: 6px 6px 0 0;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"background: #e5e7eb; width: 35px; height: 40%; border-radius: 6px 6px 0 0;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"background: #e5e7eb; width: 35px; height: 25%; border-radius: 6px 6px 0 0;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <p style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #9ca3af; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom:0;\">Relative efficiency: C60 vs Vit E<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"gspb-tab-item-btn-gsbp-e78a863-1\" id=\"gspb-tab-item-content-gsbp-e78a863-1\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"t-panel swiper-slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-tab\">\n<div><style>\n    .hk-tab2-wrapper { padding: 50px; box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; }\n    .hk-tab2-title {\n        font-size: 24px; font-weight: 800; font-style: italic; color: #111827; \n        margin: 0 0 30px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px;\n        line-height: 1.3;\n    }\n    .hk-table-container { overflow-x: auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; width: 100%; }\n    .hk-sol-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 600px; } \/* Reduced min-width slightly *\/\n    \n    .hk-row { border-bottom: 1px solid #f3f4f6; transition: background 0.2s ease; }\n    .hk-row:hover { background: #fcfdfc; }\n    .hk-row td { padding: 16px 10px; font-size: 14px; color: #374151; }\n    .hk-sol-th { padding: 16px 10px; text-align: left; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; color: #9ca3af; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px; }\n    \n    .hk-badge { padding: 4px 10px; border-radius: 50px; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 800; text-transform: uppercase; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap;}\n    .badge-superior { background: #e8f5e9; color: #1b5e20; }\n    .badge-high { background: #f0f9ff; color: #0369a1; }\n    .badge-standard { background: #f3f4f6; color: #4b5563; }\n    .badge-low { background: #fff1f2; color: #be123c; }\n\n    \/* Mobile Optimization *\/\n    @media (max-width: 768px) {\n        .hk-tab2-wrapper { padding: 20px 15px; }\n        .hk-tab2-title { font-size: 20px; }\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"hk-tab2-wrapper\">\n    <h3 class=\"hk-tab2-title\">\n        <svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2E7D32\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"flex-shrink:0;\"><path d=\"M2 12h20\"><\/path><path d=\"M7 12V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h6a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v7\"><\/path><path d=\"M12 22v-5\"><\/path><path d=\"M9 17h6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n        Organic Solvent Solubility Matrix\n    <\/h3>\n    \n    <div class=\"hk-table-container\">\n        <table class=\"hk-sol-table\">\n            <thead>\n                <tr>\n                    <th class=\"hk-sol-th\">Solvent System<\/th>\n                    <th class=\"hk-sol-th\">Solubility (mg\/mL)<\/th>\n                    <th class=\"hk-sol-th\">Performance Rating<\/th>\n                    <th class=\"hk-sol-th\">Primary Application<\/th>\n                <\/tr>\n            <\/thead>\n            <tbody>\n                <tr class=\"hk-row\">\n                    <td><strong>1-Chloronaphthalene<\/strong><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"font-weight: 800; color: #2E7D32;\">51.0<\/td>\n                    <td><span class=\"hk-badge badge-superior\">Superior<\/span><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"color: #6b7280;\">High-Concentration Ink Prep<\/td>\n                <\/tr>\n                <tr class=\"hk-row\">\n                    <td><strong>o-Dichlorobenzene<\/strong><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"font-weight: 800; color: #2E7D32;\">36.2<\/td>\n                    <td><span class=\"hk-badge badge-superior\">Superior<\/span><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"color: #6b7280;\">Standard OPV Device Fabrication<\/td>\n                <\/tr>\n                <tr class=\"hk-row\">\n                    <td><strong>Carbon Disulfide ($CS_2$)<\/strong><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"font-weight: 800; color: #2E7D32;\">9.8<\/td>\n                    <td><span class=\"hk-badge badge-high\">High<\/span><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"color: #6b7280;\">Industrial Extraction &amp; Analysis<\/td>\n                <\/tr>\n                <tr class=\"hk-row\">\n                    <td><strong>o-Xylene<\/strong><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"font-weight: 800; color: #2E7D32;\">4.6<\/td>\n                    <td><span class=\"hk-badge badge-high\">High<\/span><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"color: #6b7280;\">Green-Solvent Processing<\/td>\n                <\/tr>\n                <tr class=\"hk-row\">\n                    <td><strong>Toluene<\/strong><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"font-weight: 800; color: #2E7D32;\">1.4<\/td>\n                    <td><span class=\"hk-badge badge-standard\">Standard<\/span><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"color: #6b7280;\">Laboratory R&amp;D Reference<\/td>\n                <\/tr>\n            <\/tbody>\n        <\/table>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"gspb-tab-item-btn-gsbp-e78a863-2\" id=\"gspb-tab-item-content-gsbp-e78a863-2\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"t-panel swiper-slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-tab\">\n<div><style>\n    .hk-tab3-wrapper {\n        padding: 50px; \n        display: grid; \n        grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr)); \n        gap: 40px;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n    }\n    .hk-tab3-title { font-size: 24px; font-weight: 800; font-style: italic; color: #111827; margin: 0 0 20px; }\n    .hk-prog-bar { height: 10px; background: #f3f4f6; border-radius: 50px; overflow: hidden; margin-bottom: 25px; }\n    .hk-prog-fill { height: 100%; background: #2E7D32; border-radius: 50px; }\n    .hk-prog-lbl { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 800; text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 8px; }\n    .hk-cert-box {\n        background: #111827; color: #fff; border-radius: 32px; padding: 40px; \n        text-align: center; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; align-items: center;\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 768px) {\n        .hk-tab3-wrapper { padding: 20px 15px; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 30px;}\n        .hk-tab3-title { font-size: 20px; }\n        .hk-cert-box { padding: 30px 20px; border-radius: 24px;}\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"hk-tab3-wrapper\">\n    <div>\n        <h3 class=\"hk-tab3-title\">Industrial Combustion<\/h3>\n        <p style=\"font-size: 15px; color: #6b7280; margin-bottom: 30px; line-height: 1.7;\">\n            Healthyking&#8217;s multi-stage combustion technology achieves efficient C70 enrichment at the source. This process significantly lowers manufacturing costs compared to arc discharge, enabling ton-level supply.\n        <\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"hk-prog-lbl\"><span>HPLC Purity (C70 Grade)<\/span><span style=\"color:#2E7D32;\">99.5% &#8211; 99.9%<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"hk-prog-bar\"><div class=\"hk-prog-fill\" style=\"width: 99.5%;\"><\/div><\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hk-prog-lbl\"><span>Catalyst Residue<\/span><span style=\"color:#2E7D32;\">Non-Detected<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"hk-prog-bar\"><div class=\"hk-prog-fill\" style=\"width: 100%;\"><\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hk-cert-box\">\n        <svg width=\"48\" height=\"48\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2E7D32\" stroke-width=\"2\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><path d=\"M12 22s8-4 8-10V5l-8-3-8 3v7c0 6 8 10 8 10z\"><\/path><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n        <div style=\"font-size: clamp(24px, 5vw, 32px); font-weight: 900; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 5px;\">Electronic Grade<\/div>\n        <p style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #9ca3af; margin: 0;\">Optimized for OPV Acceptors<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<style>.gspb_container-id-gsbp-ecb430c{flex-direction:column;box-sizing:border-box;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-ecb430c.gspb_container > p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-ecb430c.gspb_container{position:relative;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-ecb430c.gspb_container{margin-top:60px;margin-bottom:60px;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-ecb430c.gspb_container{box-sizing:border-box;}body.gspb-bodyfront #gspb_container-id-gsbp-ecb430c.gspb_container{width:50%;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-container gspb_container gspb_container-gsbp-ecb430c\" id=\"gspb_container-id-gsbp-ecb430c\">\n<h2 id=\"synthesis-of-fullerene-c\u2087\u2080\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Synthesis of Fullerene C\u2087\u2080<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The production of Fullerene C\u2087\u2080 mirrors that of C\u2086\u2080, as they are invariably synthesized concurrently within the raw fullerene soot. The traditional laboratory method relies on the Huffman-Kr\u00e4tschmer carbon arc discharge method, where a high-voltage electrical current passes between high-purity graphite rods inside a low-pressure helium or argon chamber. The resulting extreme thermal plasma vaporizes the graphite, and the liberated carbon atoms naturally self-assemble into a mixture of fullerenes as they cool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a standard arc discharge process, C\u2087\u2080 typically constitutes about 10% to 20% of the synthesized crude soot. To separate and isolate pristine Fullerene C\u2087\u2080, the raw soot undergoes solvent extraction using aromatic solvents like toluene. The resulting extract is then processed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or fractional vacuum sublimation to isolate the dark C\u2087\u2080 powder to purities exceeding 99%. On an industrial scale, modern multi-stage continuous combustion methods have streamlined this extraction pipeline, offering a more energy-efficient and scalable supply.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<style>#gspb_row-id-gsbp-8668df9{justify-content:space-between;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-8668df9 > .gspb_row__content{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin:0 auto;width:100%;flex-wrap:wrap;}.gspb_row{position:relative;}div[id^=gspb_col-id]{box-sizing:border-box;position:relative;}body.gspb-bodyfront #gspb_row-id-gsbp-8668df9 > .gspb_row__content{width:var(--theme-container-width,1200px);}body.gspb-bodyfront #gspb_row-id-gsbp-8668df9 > .gspb_row__content{max-width:var(--theme-normal-container-max-width,1200px);}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-8668df9{margin-bottom:40px;}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-8668df9{background-color:#111827;}<\/style>\n<section class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-row alignfull gspb_row gspb_row-id-gsbp-8668df9\" id=\"gspb_row-id-gsbp-8668df9\"><div class=\"gspb_row__content\"> <style>#gspb_col-id-gsbp-bf9d8be.gspb_row__col--12{width:100%;}@media (max-width:689.98px){#gspb_col-id-gsbp-bf9d8be.gspb_row__col--12{width:100%;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-row-column gspb_row__col--12 gspb_col-id-gsbp-bf9d8be\" id=\"gspb_col-id-gsbp-bf9d8be\">\n<div><style>\n    .hk-matrix-wrapper {\n        background: #111827;\n        padding: 80px 20px;\n        width: 100%;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Segoe UI\", Roboto, sans-serif;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n    }\n    .hk-matrix-header {\n        max-width: 1200px;\n        margin: 0 auto 50px;\n        display: flex;\n        justify-content: space-between;\n        align-items: flex-end;\n    }\n    .hk-matrix-header h2 {\n        font-size: clamp(28px, 4vw, 42px);\n        font-weight: 900;\n        font-style: italic;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        margin: 0;\n        line-height: 1.2;\n    }\n    .hk-matrix-header p { color: #6b7280; font-size: 16px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 0;}\n    \n    .hk-matrix-grid {\n        max-width: 1200px;\n        margin: 0 auto;\n        display: grid;\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n        gap: 1px;\n        background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);\n        border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);\n        border-radius: 24px;\n        overflow: hidden;\n    }\n    .hk-matrix-item {\n        background: #111827;\n        padding: 40px 30px;\n        transition: background 0.3s ease;\n    }\n    .hk-matrix-item:hover { background: rgba(46, 125, 50, 0.05); }\n    .hk-matrix-label {\n        color: #2E7D32; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; text-transform: uppercase;\n        margin-bottom: 20px; letter-spacing: 1.5px;\n    }\n    .hk-matrix-row { display: flex; gap: 30px; }\n    .hk-matrix-col { flex: 1; }\n    .hk-matrix-col h4 { font-size: 22px; font-weight: 900; font-style: italic; margin: 0 0 5px; color: #ffffff; line-height: 1.2;}\n    .hk-matrix-col span { font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; color: #4b5563; text-transform: uppercase; }\n    .hk-border-sep { border-left: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1); padding-left: 30px; }\n\n    \/* Mobile Optimization *\/\n    @media (max-width: 900px) {\n        .hk-matrix-header { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 15px; }\n        .hk-matrix-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n    }\n    @media (max-width: 480px) {\n        .hk-matrix-wrapper { padding: 40px 15px; }\n        .hk-matrix-item { padding: 25px 20px; }\n        .hk-matrix-row { flex-direction: column; gap: 15px; }\n        .hk-border-sep { border-left: none; padding-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1); padding-top: 15px;}\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"hk-matrix-wrapper\">\n    <div class=\"hk-matrix-header\">\n        <div>\n            <h2>C60 vs. C70 Comparison<\/h2>\n            <p>Detailed analysis for precision chemical selection.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"hk-matrix-grid\">\n        <div class=\"hk-matrix-item\">\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-label\">Molecular Mass<\/div>\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-row\">\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col\"><h4>720.64<\/h4><span>Fullerene C60<\/span><\/div>\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col hk-border-sep\"><h4>840.77<\/h4><span>Fullerene C70<\/span><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"hk-matrix-item\">\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-label\">Electronic Absorption<\/div>\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-row\">\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col\"><h4>330, 404 nm<\/h4><span>Fullerene C60<\/span><\/div>\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col hk-border-sep\"><h4>380, 470 nm<\/h4><span>Fullerene C70<\/span><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"hk-matrix-item\">\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-label\">Solubility Profile<\/div>\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-row\">\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col\"><h4>Baseline<\/h4><span>Fullerene C60<\/span><\/div>\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col hk-border-sep\"><h4>~1.5x Higher<\/h4><span>Fullerene C70<\/span><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"hk-matrix-item\">\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-label\">Point Group<\/div>\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-row\">\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col\"><h4>Ih<\/h4><span>Fullerene C60<\/span><\/div>\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col hk-border-sep\"><h4>D5h<\/h4><span>Fullerene C70<\/span><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"hk-matrix-item\">\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-label\">LUMO Level<\/div>\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-row\">\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col\"><h4>-4.3 eV<\/h4><span>Fullerene C60<\/span><\/div>\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col hk-border-sep\"><h4>-4.1 eV<\/h4><span>Fullerene C70<\/span><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"hk-matrix-item\">\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-label\">Visible Color<\/div>\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-row\">\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col\"><h4>Magenta\/Purple<\/h4><span>Fullerene C60<\/span><\/div>\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col hk-border-sep\"><h4>Red\/Dark Red<\/h4><span>Fullerene C70<\/span><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n <\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<style>.gspb_container-id-gsbp-e3dee2c{flex-direction:column;box-sizing:border-box;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-e3dee2c.gspb_container > p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-e3dee2c.gspb_container{position:relative;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-e3dee2c.gspb_container{margin-top:60px;margin-bottom:60px;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-e3dee2c.gspb_container{box-sizing:border-box;}body.gspb-bodyfront #gspb_container-id-gsbp-e3dee2c.gspb_container{width:50%;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-container gspb_container gspb_container-gsbp-e3dee2c\" id=\"gspb_container-id-gsbp-e3dee2c\">\n<h2 id=\"uses-of-fullerene-c\u2087\u2080\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Uses of Fullerene C\u2087\u2080<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because its lower $D_{5h}$ symmetry allows for a broader range of electronic transitions, Fullerene C\u2087\u2080 exhibits significantly stronger absorption across the visible light spectrum (specifically between 500 nm and 700 nm) than C\u2086\u2080. This characteristic makes it highly valuable for optoelectronic applications:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Organic Photovoltaics (OPV):<\/strong> Its enhanced visible light harvesting capacity makes C\u2087\u2080 derivatives (such as PC71BM) the premier choice for electron transport layers and electron acceptors in high-performance perovskite and organic solar cells, elevating power conversion efficiencies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Advanced Material Additives:<\/strong> Integrated into polymer matrices, C\u2087\u2080 acts as an excellent structural modifier, drastically cutting friction coefficients and adding wear-resistance to specialized coatings and mechanical lubricants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nonlinear Optics:<\/strong> The highly polarizable electron cloud of the elongated C\u2087\u2080 cage gives rise to excellent nonlinear optical responses, rendering it a key component in optical limiters designed to shield electronic sensors from laser damage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chemical Catalysis:<\/strong> Serving as an exceptional electron buffer, C\u2087\u2080 can facilitate energy transfer and stabilize intermediate states in demanding chemical manufacturing tasks, such as low-pressure synthesis reactions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<style>.gspb_container-id-gsbp-b9fee67{flex-direction:column;box-sizing:border-box;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-b9fee67.gspb_container > p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-b9fee67.gspb_container{position:relative;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-b9fee67.gspb_container{box-sizing:border-box;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-container gspb_container gspb_container-gsbp-b9fee67\" id=\"gspb_container-id-gsbp-b9fee67\">\n<div><style>\n    \/* 1. \u6838\u5fc3\u5bb9\u5668\u4e0e\u53d8\u91cf *\/\n    .hk-cta-wrapper {\n        background: #fcfdfc;\n        padding: 100px 20px;\n        width: 100%;\n        font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Segoe UI\", Roboto, sans-serif;\n    }\n    .hk-cta-card {\n        max-width: 950px;\n        margin: 0 auto;\n        background: #ecf3ec; 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border-radius: 40px; }\n        .hk-btn { width: 100%; justify-content: center; }\n        .hk-badges { flex-direction: column; gap: 20px; align-items: center; }\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"hk-cta-wrapper\">\n    <div class=\"hk-cta-card\">\n        <!-- \u9876\u90e8\u5355\u4e2a\u56fe\u6807\uff1a\u6587\u6863\u5206\u6790\u56fe\u6807 -->\n        <div class=\"hk-cta-icon-box\">\n            <svg width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\">\n                <path d=\"M14 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8z\"><\/path>\n                <polyline points=\"14 2 14 8 20 8\"><\/polyline>\n                <line x1=\"16\" y1=\"13\" x2=\"8\" y2=\"13\"><\/line>\n                <line x1=\"16\" y1=\"17\" x2=\"8\" y2=\"17\"><\/line>\n                <polyline points=\"10 9 9 9 8 9\"><\/polyline>\n            <\/svg>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <h2>Fullerene Data &amp; Procurement Center<\/h2>\n        <p>Get your lab-verified C70 technical data sheet (TDS) and certificate of analysis (COA) now. If you have bulk purchase requirements or need custom specifications, please click below to submit an inquiry.<\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"hk-btn-group\">\n            <!-- \u4e0b\u8f7d\u6309\u94ae\uff1a\u66ff\u6362\u94fe\u63a5\u4e3a\u60a8\u7684 PDF \u5730\u5740 -->\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/coa-report-of-fullerenes-c70.pdf\" class=\"hk-btn hk-btn-download\" target=\"_blank\">\n                <svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"><\/path><polyline points=\"7 10 12 15 17 10\"><\/polyline><line x1=\"12\" x2=\"12\" y1=\"15\" y2=\"3\"><\/line><\/svg>\n                Download C70 TDS\n            <\/a>\n\n            <!-- \u8be2\u76d8\u6309\u94ae\uff1a\u66ff\u6362\u94fe\u63a5\u4e3a\u60a8\u7684\u8be2\u76d8\u9875\u9762\u5730\u5740 -->\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/product\/fullerene-c70\/\" class=\"hk-btn hk-btn-inquiry\">\n                <svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"><\/path><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"><\/path><\/svg>\n                Request Analysis \/ Inquiry\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- \u5e95\u90e8\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6807\u5fd7\u680f -->\n        <div class=\"hk-badges\">\n            <div class=\"hk-badge-item\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2E7D32\" stroke-width=\"3\"><path d=\"M12 22s8-4 8-10V5l-8-3-8 3v7c0 6 8 10 8 10z\"><\/path><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n                ISO 9001 Certified\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"hk-badge-item\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2E7D32\" stroke-width=\"3\"><polyline points=\"13 2 3 14 12 14 11 22 21 10 12 10 13 2\"><\/polyline><\/svg>\n                RoHS Compliant\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"hk-badge-item\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2E7D32\" stroke-width=\"3\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"><\/circle><line x1=\"2\" x2=\"22\" y1=\"12\" y2=\"12\"><\/line><path d=\"M12 2a15.3 15.3 0 0 1 4 10 15.3 15.3 0 0 1-4 10 15.3 15.3 0 0 1-4-10 15.3 15.3 0 0 1 4-10z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n                Eco-Vadis Silver\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1171,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2006","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2006","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2006"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2006\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1171"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2006"}],"curies":[{"name":"\uc6cc\ub4dc\ud504\ub808\uc2a4","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}