{"id":1969,"date":"2026-04-04T04:37:08","date_gmt":"2026-04-04T04:37:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/?page_id=1969"},"modified":"2026-07-13T07:39:07","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T07:39:07","slug":"what-is-fullerene-c60","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/zh\/about-fullerene\/what-is-fullerene-c60\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5bcc\u52d2\u70efC60"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c{justify-content:space-between;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c > .gspb_row__content{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin:0 auto;width:100%;flex-wrap:wrap;}.gspb_row{position:relative;}div[id^=gspb_col-id]{box-sizing:border-box;position:relative;}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c{min-height:420px;}body.gspb-bodyfront #gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c > .gspb_row__content{width:var(--theme-container-width,1200px);}body.gspb-bodyfront #gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c > .gspb_row__content{max-width:var(--theme-normal-container-max-width,1200px);}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c{margin-bottom:80px;}@media (max-width:999.98px){#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c{margin-bottom:80px;padding-top:220px;}}@media (max-width:689.98px){#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c{margin-bottom:60px;padding-top:200px;}}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c{background-size:cover;background-position:50% 40%;}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c{background-image:url(https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/pexels-pixabay-356040-scaled.jpg);}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c:hover{background-size:cover;}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c > .gspb_backgroundOverlay{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:-1;}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c > .gspb_backgroundOverlay{background-color:#0f1a1791;}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c{isolation:isolate;}<\/style>\n<section class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-row alignfull gspb_row gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c\" id=\"gspb_row-id-gsbp-9ba959c\"><div class=\"gspb_backgroundOverlay\"><\/div><div class=\"gspb_row__content\"> <style>#gspb_col-id-gsbp-4533af0.gspb_row__col--12{width:100%;}@media (max-width:689.98px){#gspb_col-id-gsbp-4533af0.gspb_row__col--12{width:100%;}}body #gspb_col-id-gsbp-4533af0.gspb_row__col--12{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-content:center;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-row-column gspb_row__col--12 gspb_col-id-gsbp-4533af0\" id=\"gspb_col-id-gsbp-4533af0\"><style>#gspb_row-id-gsbp-b4a30c0{justify-content:space-between;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-b4a30c0 > .gspb_row__content{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin:0 auto;width:100%;flex-wrap:wrap;}.gspb_row{position:relative;}div[id^=gspb_col-id]{box-sizing:border-box;position:relative;}@media (max-width:999.98px){#gspb_row-id-gsbp-b4a30c0 > .gspb_row__content{row-gap:20px;}}body.gspb-bodyfront #gspb_row-id-gsbp-b4a30c0 > .gspb_row__content{width:var(--theme-container-width,1200px);}body.gspb-bodyfront #gspb_row-id-gsbp-b4a30c0 > .gspb_row__content{max-width:var(--theme-normal-container-max-width,1200px);}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-b4a30c0{margin-bottom:0px;}@media (max-width:999.98px){#gspb_row-id-gsbp-b4a30c0{margin-bottom:80px;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-row gspb_row gspb_row-id-gsbp-b4a30c0 gspb_row--gutter-custom-0\" id=\"gspb_row-id-gsbp-b4a30c0\"><div class=\"gspb_row__content\"> <style>#gspb_col-id-gsbp-56a8c3e.gspb_row__col--8{width:calc(66.66666666666667% - 25px);}@media (max-width:999.98px){#gspb_col-id-gsbp-56a8c3e.gspb_row__col--8{width:100%;}}@media (max-width:689.98px){#gspb_col-id-gsbp-56a8c3e.gspb_row__col--8{width:calc(100% - 25px);}}@media (max-width:689.98px){#gspb_col-id-gsbp-56a8c3e.gspb_row__col--8{width:100%;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-row-column gspb_row__col--8 gspb_row__col--md-12 gspb_col-id-gsbp-56a8c3e\" id=\"gspb_col-id-gsbp-56a8c3e\"><style>#gspb_heading-id-gsbp-9c25d83{font-size:48px;line-height:1.2em;}@media (max-width:999.98px){#gspb_heading-id-gsbp-9c25d83{font-size:50px;}}@media (max-width:689.98px){#gspb_heading-id-gsbp-9c25d83{font-size:35px;}}@media (max-width:999.98px){#gspb_heading-id-gsbp-9c25d83,#gspb_heading-id-gsbp-9c25d83 .gsap-g-line{text-align:center!important;}}#gspb_heading-id-gsbp-9c25d83{color:var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-8,var(--theme-palette-color-8,#ffffff));}#gspb_heading-id-gsbp-9c25d83{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}<\/style>\n<h1 id=\"gspb_heading-id-gsbp-9c25d83\" class=\"gspb_heading gspb_heading-id-gsbp-9c25d83 \"><strong>What is Fullerene C60<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n<style>.gspb_text-id-gsbp-ced9188{font-size:18px;}@media (max-width:999.98px){.gspb_text-id-gsbp-ced9188{font-size:16px;}}@media (max-width:999.98px){.gspb_text-id-gsbp-ced9188,.gspb_text-id-gsbp-ced9188 .gsap-g-line{text-align:center!important;}}.gspb_text-id-gsbp-ced9188{color:var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-8,var(--theme-palette-color-8,#ffffff));}.gspb_text-id-gsbp-ced9188{margin-top:30px!important;margin-bottom:0px!important;}<\/style>\n<div id=\"gspb_text-id-gsbp-ced9188\" class=\"gspb_text gspb_text-id-gsbp-ced9188 \"><strong><strong>Discovery of Buckminsterfullerene (C60) in 1985 by Kroto, Smalley, and Curl redefined carbon chemistry. As a truncated icosahedron with 60 carbon atoms, its unique symmetry grants it extraordinary electronic and antioxidant properties. This hub serves as a cornerstone reference for researchers and industrial engineers.<br><br><\/strong><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n <\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n <\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<style>.gspb_container-id-gsbp-76c7e0b{flex-direction:column;box-sizing:border-box;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-76c7e0b.gspb_container > p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-76c7e0b.gspb_container{position:relative;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-76c7e0b.gspb_container{margin-bottom:0px;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-76c7e0b.gspb_container{box-sizing:border-box;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-container gspb_container gspb_container-gsbp-76c7e0b\" id=\"gspb_container-id-gsbp-76c7e0b\">\n<h2 id=\"what-is-buckminsterfullerene\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is Fullerene C60? Structure, Properties and Uses<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fullerene C60 is a discrete molecule composed of 60 carbon atoms arranged in a closed, highly symmetrical cage. It is also known as buckminsterfullerene, Carbon 60 or a C60 buckyball. Unlike graphite, graphene or diamond, which form extended carbon networks, C60 exists as an individual molecular cage. This distinction explains much of its unusual chemical, electronic and processing behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C60 is the archetypal member of the fullerene family. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry defines fullerenes as closed carbon cages built from five- and six-membered rings, with C60 as the characteristic truncated-icosahedral example.<sup><a href=\"#ref-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> Its combination of molecular symmetry, electron-accepting behavior and chemical functionalization potential has made it an important research material in molecular chemistry, electronics, photovoltaics, thin films and advanced-material development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-does-c60-mean\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Does \u201cC60\u201d Mean?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The molecular formula C60 means that each molecule contains exactly 60 carbon atoms. PubChem identifies buckminsterfullerene under CID 123591 and records the widely used CAS Registry Number 99685-96-8.<sup><a href=\"#ref-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> Its molar mass is approximately 720.64 g\/mol, although a quoted value can vary slightly with the atomic-weight convention and rounding method used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The term \u201cfullerene\u201d describes a family rather than a single product. C60, C70, higher fullerenes, endohedral fullerenes and chemically functionalized derivatives belong to related but distinct material categories. They should not be treated as interchangeable. Adding functional groups to the C60 cage can change solubility, polarity, molecular packing, biological interaction and electronic behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Buckminsterfullerene takes its name from architect R. Buckminster Fuller because the molecular framework resembles the geometry of a geodesic dome. The molecule is often compared with a football, but the comparison describes its connectivity rather than a literal smooth sphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"how-is-the-c60-molecule-structured\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Is the C60 Molecule Structured?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The C60 cage has the topology of a truncated icosahedron. Its 60 carbon atoms occupy the vertices of a framework containing 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons. Each carbon atom is bonded to three neighboring carbon atoms, creating a closed network with icosahedral symmetry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The pentagons are essential. A sheet made only from hexagons tends toward a flatter graphitic geometry, whereas the inclusion of pentagons introduces the curvature needed to close the carbon framework. In C60, the pentagons are isolated from one another by surrounding hexagons, a structural arrangement associated with the molecule\u2019s exceptional kinetic stability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The bonds within C60 are not all equivalent. Bonds shared between two hexagons differ from those shared between a pentagon and a hexagon. This bond pattern contributes to the molecule\u2019s addition chemistry: reagents can attach to the carbon cage without necessarily destroying the entire framework. That reactivity enables researchers to create fullerene derivatives with properties that differ substantially from pristine C60.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a more detailed treatment of cage geometry and bonding, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/buckminsterfullerene-structure-c60-buckyball-molecule\/\">guide to buckminsterfullerene structure<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"how-was-fullerene-c60-discovered\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Was Fullerene C60 Discovered?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C60 was identified in 1985 by Harold Kroto, James Heath, Sean O\u2019Brien, Robert Curl and Richard Smalley during experiments involving laser vaporization of graphite. Their mass spectra showed an unusually strong cluster containing 60 carbon atoms, leading the researchers to propose the closed truncated-icosahedral structure.<sup><a href=\"#ref-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The discovery transformed carbon chemistry by demonstrating that carbon could form stable, closed molecular cages. Robert Curl, Harold Kroto and Richard Smalley were jointly awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of fullerenes.<sup><a href=\"#ref-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first experiments detected C60 in molecular beams, but did not immediately provide practical quantities of isolated material. A major advance followed in 1990, when Kr\u00e4tschmer, Lamb, Fostiropoulos and Huffman reported the preparation and characterization of macroscopic solid C60 from carbon soot.<sup><a href=\"#ref-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> This development made systematic chemical, spectroscopic and solid-state investigation possible.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<style>.gspb_container-id-gsbp-32bf3bc{flex-direction:column;box-sizing:border-box;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-32bf3bc.gspb_container > p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-32bf3bc.gspb_container{position:relative;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-32bf3bc.gspb_container{margin-bottom:0px;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-32bf3bc.gspb_container{box-sizing:border-box;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-container gspb_container gspb_container-gsbp-32bf3bc\" id=\"gspb_container-id-gsbp-32bf3bc\">\n<div><style>\n    .hk-arch-wrapper {\n        --brand-green: #2F7D31;\n        --text-main: #374151;\n        --border-color: #e5e7eb;\n        background: #ffffff;\n        padding: 60px 20px;\n        width: 100%;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n    }\n\n    .hk-arch-container {\n        max-width: 1200px;\n        margin: 0 auto;\n        display: grid;\n        grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 0.8fr;\n        gap: 50px;\n        align-items: center;\n    }\n\n    .hk-arch-content h2 {\n        font-size: clamp(28px, 4vw, 34px);\n        font-weight: 900;\n        margin-bottom: 20px;\n        color: #111827;\n        line-height: 1.2;\n        letter-spacing: -0.03em;\n    }\n\n    .hk-arch-content p {\n        font-size: 16px;\n        color: #6b7280;\n        line-height: 1.75;\n        margin-bottom: 24px;\n    }\n\n    .hk-arch-note {\n        font-size: 14px;\n        color: #6b7280;\n        line-height: 1.7;\n        background: #f9fafb;\n        border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\n        border-radius: 14px;\n        padding: 14px 16px;\n        margin-bottom: 28px;\n    }\n\n    .hk-arch-cards {\n        display: grid;\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n        gap: 20px;\n    }\n\n    .hk-arch-mini-card {\n        background: #f9fafb;\n        border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\n        padding: 20px;\n        border-radius: 16px;\n    }\n\n    .hk-arch-mini-card .label {\n        color: var(--brand-green);\n        font-size: 11px;\n        font-weight: 800;\n        text-transform: uppercase;\n        letter-spacing: 1px;\n        margin-bottom: 6px;\n    }\n\n    .hk-arch-mini-card .val {\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: 900;\n        color: #111827;\n        line-height: 1.25;\n    }\n\n    .hk-arch-mini-card .sub {\n        display: block;\n        margin-top: 6px;\n        font-size: 12px;\n        color: #9ca3af;\n        line-height: 1.5;\n    }\n\n    .hk-arch-image-box {\n        background: #ffffff;\n        border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\n        border-radius: 40px;\n        min-height: 480px;\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        align-items: center;\n        justify-content: center;\n        padding: 30px;\n        box-shadow: 0 10px 30px -5px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n    }\n\n    .hk-arch-image-box img {\n        max-width: 90%;\n        max-height: 340px;\n        object-fit: contain;\n        transition: transform 0.6s ease;\n    }\n\n    .hk-arch-image-box:hover img {\n        transform: scale(1.05) rotate(1deg);\n    }\n\n    .hk-arch-caption {\n        margin-top: 20px;\n        text-align: center;\n    }\n\n    .hk-arch-caption h3 {\n        margin: 0;\n        font-size: 16px;\n        font-weight: 900;\n        color: #111827;\n        line-height: 1.3;\n    }\n\n    .hk-arch-caption p {\n        font-size: 10px;\n        color: #9ca3af;\n        text-transform: uppercase;\n        letter-spacing: 2px;\n        margin: 6px 0 0;\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 900px) {\n        .hk-arch-wrapper {\n            padding: 40px 15px;\n        }\n\n        .hk-arch-container {\n            grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n            gap: 30px;\n        }\n\n        .hk-arch-image-box {\n            min-height: auto;\n            padding: 40px 20px;\n            border-radius: 28px;\n        }\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 480px) {\n        .hk-arch-cards {\n            grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n        }\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"hk-arch-wrapper\">\n    <div class=\"hk-arch-container\">\n        <div class=\"hk-arch-content\">\n            <h2>Fullerene C60 Molecular Architecture<\/h2>\n\n            <p>\n                The C60 molecule consists of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons arranged in a highly symmetrical carbon cage. In the C60 structure, no two pentagons share an edge, which follows the Isolated Pentagon Rule and contributes to the molecule\u2019s structural stability.\n            <\/p>\n\n            <p>\n                Each carbon atom in Fullerene C60 is sp\u00b2-hybridized, forming a delocalized \u03c0-electron system across the cage-like molecular framework. This structure is one reason C60 is widely studied in advanced materials, organic electronics, photovoltaic research, coatings, lubricants, and nanomaterial systems.\n            <\/p>\n\n            <div class=\"hk-arch-note\">\n                Structural values shown here are reference information for educational and material-selection purposes. Buyers should confirm product purity, batch-specific COA, MSDS\/SDS, and application requirements before procurement.\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"hk-arch-cards\">\n                <div class=\"hk-arch-mini-card\">\n                    <div class=\"label\">Symmetry Group<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"val\">Ih<\/div>\n                    <span class=\"sub\">Icosahedral symmetry<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div class=\"hk-arch-mini-card\">\n                    <div class=\"label\">Typical C-C Bond Lengths<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"val\">~1.40 \u00c5 \/ ~1.45 \u00c5<\/div>\n                    <span class=\"sub\">Reference values may vary by source and method<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"hk-arch-image-box\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/fullerene-c60-structural-diagram.png\" alt=\"Fullerene C60 molecular structure diagram\" title=\"\">\n\n            <div class=\"hk-arch-caption\">\n                <h3>C60 Geometric Structure<\/h3>\n                <p>Molecular Structure Illustration<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<style>.gspb_container-id-gsbp-92381fa{flex-direction:column;box-sizing:border-box;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-92381fa.gspb_container > p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-92381fa.gspb_container{position:relative;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-92381fa.gspb_container{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:60px;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-92381fa.gspb_container{box-sizing:border-box;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-container gspb_container gspb_container-gsbp-92381fa\" id=\"gspb_container-id-gsbp-92381fa\">\n<h2 id=\"how-is-fullerene-c60-produced-and-purified\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Is Fullerene C60 Produced and Purified?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fullerene production generally begins by generating carbon vapor or a carbon-rich flame under controlled conditions. Depending on the process, the resulting soot can contain C60, C70, higher fullerenes, non-fullerene carbon and other process-related components. Production therefore does not end when fullerene-containing soot is formed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fullerene fraction must be extracted and separated. Solvent extraction can transfer soluble fullerene species from soot into a liquid phase, after which chromatography, selective precipitation, crystallization, sublimation or combinations of purification methods may be used. The appropriate sequence depends on the starting material, target purity, impurity profile, intended scale and final application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No production method should automatically be described as \u201cmetal-free,\u201d \u201czero residue\u201d or suitable for medical or electronic use without product- and batch-specific evidence. The absence of a catalyst in one production stage does not by itself demonstrate that every relevant metal, inorganic residue, solvent or carbonaceous impurity is absent from the final product.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Similarly, an HPLC result measures components resolved and detected by the selected chromatographic method. It does not independently establish the absence of metals, residual solvents, moisture, ash or compounds that the detector does not adequately measure. The separate guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/c60-hplc-purity-analysis\/\">C60 HPLC purity analysis<\/a> explains how to interpret chromatograms and reported area percentages.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<style>.gspb_container-id-gsbp-a8f5be9{flex-direction:column;box-sizing:border-box;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-a8f5be9.gspb_container > p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-a8f5be9.gspb_container{position:relative;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-a8f5be9.gspb_container{margin-bottom:0px;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-a8f5be9.gspb_container{box-sizing:border-box;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-container gspb_container gspb_container-gsbp-a8f5be9\" id=\"gspb_container-id-gsbp-a8f5be9\"><style>#gspb_heading-id-gsbp-2773da9{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}<\/style>\n<h2 id=\"gspb_heading-id-gsbp-2773da9\" class=\"gspb_heading gspb_heading-id-gsbp-2773da9 \">Analytical Data Sets<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.gspb_text-id-gsbp-2c2e0e2{margin-bottom:40px!important;}<\/style>\n<div id=\"gspb_text-id-gsbp-2c2e0e2\" class=\"gspb_text gspb_text-id-gsbp-2c2e0e2 \">The C60 molecule consists of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons, where no two pentagons share an edge. This &#8220;Isolated Pentagon Rule&#8221; (IPR) is critical to its high stability. Every carbon atom is sp\u00b2 hybridized, forming a perfectly spherical delocalized \u03c0-system.<\/div>\n\n\n<style>.gspb-tabs *{box-sizing:border-box !important}.t-btn-container{display:flex;flex-direction:row;width:100%;align-items:center;margin-bottom:-1px;flex-wrap:wrap}.t-btn-container .t-btn{background-origin:border-box;list-style:none;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;margin:0;padding:11px 24px;cursor:pointer;position:relative;transition:all .4s ease-in-out;font-size:20px}.t-btn-container .t-btn .tabsubtitle{font-size:70%;opacity:.7}.gstabs-tabs .t-btn{border:1px solid transparent;border-top-width:2px}.gstabs-tabs .t-btn:focus{outline:none;}.gstabs-tabs .t-btn.active{border-color:rgba(206,206,206,.4);border-bottom-color:#fff;background-color:#fff;color:#333}.t-panel-container .t-panel{opacity:0;overflow:hidden;display:none}.t-panel-container .t-panel.active{opacity:1;display:block!important}.t-panel-container{margin-bottom:25px;overflow:hidden;padding:30px}.gstabs-tabs .t-panel-container{border:1px solid rgba(206,206,206,.4);background-color:#fff}.t-btn-container ul{margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.gstabs-underline .t-btn-container .t-btn:after{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;content:'';height:3px;width:0;transition:width .5s,left .5s,right .5s;}.gstabs-underline .t-btn-container .t-btn.active:after{width:100%;left:0;right:0}.gstabs-pills .t-btn-container .t-btn{margin:0 10px;border:1px solid transparent}.gstabs-vertical{display:flex}.gstabs-vertical .t-btn-container{display:block;width:150px}.gstabs-vertical .t-btn-container .t-btn{margin-bottom:10px;width:150px;border:1px solid transparent}.gstabs-vertical .t-panel-container{flex-grow:1}.t-btn-container .t-btn .gs-image{flex-grow:inherit;}.t-btn-container .t-btn img{margin:0;height:25px;min-width:auto}@keyframes gcwidthleftright{0%{width:0%}100%{width:100%}}@keyframes gcslidefromtop{0%{transform:translateY(-10px);opacity:0}100%{transform:translateY(0);opacity:1}}@media (max-width:689.98px){body .tabscroll .t-btn-container{overflow-x:scroll;flex-wrap:nowrap;scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;width:100% !important;white-space:nowrap;display:block;padding-bottom:15px}.tabscroll .t-btn-container .t-btn{scroll-snap-align:start;white-space:nowrap;width:auto !important;margin-right:10px;}.tabscroll .t-btn-container .t-btn.active{box-shadow:none!important}.gstabs-vertical{display:block !important}.gstabs-vertical .t-panel-container{margin-top:25px}.t-btn-container .t-btn{font-size:15px}}.gswipertabs{overflow:hidden}.t-panel-container .t-panel{width:100%}.t-panel-container p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}:root{--hk-primary:#2E7D32;--hk-border:#e5e7eb;} .gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 .t-btn-container{background:#f1f5f1 !important;padding:6px !important;border-radius:20px !important;gap:6px !important;display:flex !important;overflow-x:auto !important;scrollbar-width:none;margin-bottom:15px !important; position:relative;z-index:10;width:fit-content !important;border:none !important;}.gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 .t-btn-container::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;} .gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 .t-btn{padding:14px 28px !important;border:1px solid transparent !important;background:transparent !important;font-weight:700 !important;font-size:13px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;letter-spacing:1px !important;border-radius:14px !important; color:#9ca3af !important;transition:0.3s !important;white-space:nowrap !important;box-shadow:none !important;} .gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 .t-btn.active{background:#ffffff !important;color:var(--hk-primary) !important;border:1px solid var(--hk-border) !important;box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05) !important;} .gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 .t-panel-container{background:#ffffff !important;border:1px solid var(--hk-border) !important;border-radius:24px !important; padding:0 !important;box-shadow:0 20px 25px -5px rgba(0,0,0,0.05) !important;overflow:hidden !important; position:relative;z-index:1;} @media (max-width:768px){.gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 .t-panel-container{border-radius:24px !important;margin-top:10px;}}.gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 .t-btn-container{justify-content:left}.gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 > .t-btn-container > .t-btn{background-color:#f5f5f5}.gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 > .t-btn-container > .t-btn.active{background-color:#e5e5e5}.gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863.gspb-tabs> .t-btn-container > .t-btn.active{border-top-left-radius:20px;border-top-right-radius:20px;border-bottom-right-radius:20px;border-bottom-left-radius:20px;}.gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 .t-btn-container .t-btn{gap:10px}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-tabs gspb-tabs gspb_tabs-id-gsbp-e78a863 gstabs-tabs\" data-autoplay=\"false\" data-autoplaytime=\"4\"><div class=\"t-btn-container\" role=\"tablist\"><button class=\"t-btn active\" aria-selected=\"true\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" id=\"gspb-tab-item-btn-gsbp-e78a863-0\" aria-controls=\"gspb-tab-item-content-gsbp-e78a863-0\"><div class=\"tabtitlelabel\">Physical &amp; Electronic Constants<\/div><\/button><button class=\"t-btn\" aria-selected=\"false\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"gspb-tab-item-btn-gsbp-e78a863-1\" aria-controls=\"gspb-tab-item-content-gsbp-e78a863-1\"><div class=\"tabtitlelabel\">Organic Solvent Solubility Matrix<\/div><\/button><button class=\"t-btn\" aria-selected=\"false\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"gspb-tab-item-btn-gsbp-e78a863-2\" aria-controls=\"gspb-tab-item-content-gsbp-e78a863-2\"><div class=\"tabtitlelabel\">Combustion Advantage<\/div><\/button><\/div><div class=\"t-panel-container\"><div class=\"gswipertabs\"><div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n<div aria-labelledby=\"gspb-tab-item-btn-gsbp-e78a863-0\" id=\"gspb-tab-item-content-gsbp-e78a863-0\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"t-panel swiper-slide active\"><div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-tab\">\n<div><style>\n    .hk-tab1-wrapper {\n        padding: 50px; \n        display: grid; \n        grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr)); \n        gap: 40px;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n    }\n    .hk-tab1-title {\n        font-size: 24px; font-weight: 800; font-style: italic; color: #111827; \n        margin: 0 0 30px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px;\n        line-height: 1.3;\n    }\n    .hk-data-row { border-bottom: 1px solid #f3f4f6; transition: 0.2s; }\n    .hk-data-row:hover { background: #fcfdfc; }\n    .hk-data-row td { padding: 18px 0; font-size: 14px; }\n    .hk-lbl { font-weight: 700; color: #6b7280; width: 50%; }\n    .hk-val { font-weight: 800; color: #111827; text-align: right; }\n    \n    .hk-insight-box {\n        background: #213631; color: #fff; padding: 32px; border-radius: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px;\n    }\n    .hk-orac-box {\n        padding: 24px; border: 1px solid #eee; border-radius: 24px; text-align: center;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile Optimization *\/\n    @media (max-width: 768px) {\n        .hk-tab1-wrapper { padding: 20px 15px; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 30px;}\n        .hk-tab1-title { font-size: 20px; }\n        .hk-data-row td { padding: 12px 0; }\n        .hk-insight-box { padding: 24px; }\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"hk-tab1-wrapper\">\n    <div class=\"hk-content-left\">\n        <h3 class=\"hk-tab1-title\">\n            <svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2E7D32\" stroke-width=\"2\" style=\"flex-shrink:0;\"><polygon points=\"13 2 3 14 12 14 11 22 21 10 12 10 13 2\"><\/polygon><\/svg>\n            Physical &amp; Electronic Constants\n        <\/h3>\n        <table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n            <tbody><tr class=\"hk-data-row\"><td class=\"hk-lbl\">Molecular Weight<\/td><td class=\"hk-val\">720.64 g\/mol<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr class=\"hk-data-row\"><td class=\"hk-lbl\">Density (Solid)<\/td><td class=\"hk-val\">1.65 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr class=\"hk-data-row\"><td class=\"hk-lbl\">HOMO Energy<\/td><td class=\"hk-val\">-6.1 eV<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr class=\"hk-data-row\"><td class=\"hk-lbl\">LUMO Energy<\/td><td class=\"hk-val\">-4.3 eV<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr class=\"hk-data-row\"><td class=\"hk-lbl\">Band Gap<\/td><td class=\"hk-val\">1.8 &#8211; 2.0 eV<\/td><\/tr>\n        <\/tbody><\/table>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hk-content-right\">\n        <div class=\"hk-insight-box\">\n            <h5 style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 800; margin: 0 0 16px;\">Electronic Insight<\/h5>\n            <p style=\"color: #d1d5db; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; margin: 0; line-height: 1.7;\">\n                &#8220;The relatively small Band Gap (1.8eV) makes C60 an excellent n-type semiconductor, foundational for OPV and free-radical scavenging.&#8221;\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"hk-orac-box\">\n            <div style=\"font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; color: #9ca3af; text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 15px;\">Antioxidant Capacity<\/div>\n            <div style=\"display: flex; align-items: flex-end; justify-content: center; gap: 8px; height: 100px;\">\n                <div style=\"background: #2E7D32; width: 35px; height: 100%; border-radius: 6px 6px 0 0;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"background: #e5e7eb; width: 35px; height: 40%; border-radius: 6px 6px 0 0;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"background: #e5e7eb; width: 35px; height: 25%; border-radius: 6px 6px 0 0;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <p style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #9ca3af; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom:0;\">Relative efficiency: C60 vs Vit E<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"gspb-tab-item-btn-gsbp-e78a863-1\" id=\"gspb-tab-item-content-gsbp-e78a863-1\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"t-panel swiper-slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-tab\">\n<div><style>\n    .hk-tab2-wrapper { padding: 50px; box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; }\n    .hk-tab2-title {\n        font-size: 24px; font-weight: 800; font-style: italic; color: #111827; \n        margin: 0 0 30px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px;\n        line-height: 1.3;\n    }\n    .hk-table-container { overflow-x: auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; width: 100%; }\n    .hk-sol-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 600px; } \/* Reduced min-width slightly *\/\n    \n    .hk-row { border-bottom: 1px solid #f3f4f6; transition: background 0.2s ease; }\n    .hk-row:hover { background: #fcfdfc; }\n    .hk-row td { padding: 16px 10px; font-size: 14px; color: #374151; }\n    .hk-sol-th { padding: 16px 10px; text-align: left; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; color: #9ca3af; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px; }\n    \n    .hk-badge { padding: 4px 10px; border-radius: 50px; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 800; text-transform: uppercase; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap;}\n    .badge-superior { background: #e8f5e9; color: #1b5e20; }\n    .badge-high { background: #f0f9ff; color: #0369a1; }\n    .badge-standard { background: #f3f4f6; color: #4b5563; }\n    .badge-low { background: #fff1f2; color: #be123c; }\n\n    \/* Mobile Optimization *\/\n    @media (max-width: 768px) {\n        .hk-tab2-wrapper { padding: 20px 15px; }\n        .hk-tab2-title { font-size: 20px; }\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"hk-tab2-wrapper\">\n    <h3 class=\"hk-tab2-title\">\n        <svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2E7D32\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"flex-shrink:0;\"><path d=\"M2 12h20\"><\/path><path d=\"M7 12V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h6a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v7\"><\/path><path d=\"M12 22v-5\"><\/path><path d=\"M9 17h6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n        Organic Solvent Solubility Matrix\n    <\/h3>\n    \n    <div class=\"hk-table-container\">\n        <table class=\"hk-sol-table\">\n            <thead>\n                <tr style=\"background: #f9fafb; border-bottom: 2px solid #eee;\">\n                    <th class=\"hk-sol-th\">Solvent System<\/th>\n                    <th class=\"hk-sol-th\">Solubility (mg\/mL)<\/th>\n                    <th class=\"hk-sol-th\">Performance Rating<\/th>\n                    <th class=\"hk-sol-th\">Primary Application<\/th>\n                <\/tr>\n            <\/thead>\n            <tbody>\n                <tr class=\"hk-row\">\n                    <td><strong>1,2-Dichlorobenzene<\/strong><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"font-weight: 800; color: #2E7D32;\">27.0<\/td>\n                    <td><span class=\"hk-badge badge-superior\">Superior<\/span><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"color: #6b7280;\">High Concentration Stock &amp; R&amp;D<\/td>\n                <\/tr>\n                <tr class=\"hk-row\">\n                    <td><strong>Carbon Disulfide ($CS_2$)<\/strong><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"font-weight: 800; color: #2E7D32;\">7.9<\/td>\n                    <td><span class=\"hk-badge badge-high\">High<\/span><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"color: #6b7280;\">Industrial Extraction &amp; Analysis<\/td>\n                <\/tr>\n                <tr class=\"hk-row\">\n                    <td><strong>o-Xylene<\/strong><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"font-weight: 800; color: #2E7D32;\">5.2<\/td>\n                    <td><span class=\"hk-badge badge-high\">High<\/span><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"color: #6b7280;\">Standard Chemical Processing<\/td>\n                <\/tr>\n                <tr class=\"hk-row\">\n                    <td><strong>Toluene<\/strong><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"font-weight: 800; color: #2E7D32;\">2.8<\/td>\n                    <td><span class=\"hk-badge badge-standard\">Standard<\/span><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"color: #6b7280;\">Laboratory Standard Reference<\/td>\n                <\/tr>\n                <tr class=\"hk-row\">\n                    <td><strong>n-Hexane<\/strong><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"font-weight: 800; color: #2E7D32;\">0.04<\/td>\n                    <td><span class=\"hk-badge badge-low\">Low<\/span><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"color: #6b7280;\">Rinse &amp; Column Chromatography<\/td>\n                <\/tr>\n                <tr class=\"hk-row\">\n                    <td><strong>Water<\/strong><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"font-weight: 800; color: #be123c;\">Insoluble<\/td>\n                    <td><span class=\"hk-badge badge-low\">N\/A<\/span><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"color: #6b7280;\">Biological Incompatibility Note<\/td>\n                <\/tr>\n            <\/tbody>\n        <\/table>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"gspb-tab-item-btn-gsbp-e78a863-2\" id=\"gspb-tab-item-content-gsbp-e78a863-2\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"t-panel swiper-slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-tab\">\n<div><style>\n    .hk-tab3-wrapper {\n        padding: 50px; \n        display: grid; \n        grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr)); \n        gap: 40px;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n    }\n    .hk-tab3-title { font-size: 24px; font-weight: 800; font-style: italic; color: #111827; margin: 0 0 20px; }\n    .hk-prog-bar { height: 10px; background: #f3f4f6; border-radius: 50px; overflow: hidden; margin-bottom: 25px; }\n    .hk-prog-fill { height: 100%; background: #2E7D32; border-radius: 50px; }\n    .hk-prog-lbl { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 800; text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 8px; }\n    .hk-cert-box {\n        background: #111827; color: #fff; border-radius: 32px; padding: 40px; \n        text-align: center; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; align-items: center;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile Optimization *\/\n    @media (max-width: 768px) {\n        .hk-tab3-wrapper { padding: 20px 15px; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 30px;}\n        .hk-tab3-title { font-size: 20px; }\n        .hk-cert-box { padding: 30px 20px; border-radius: 24px;}\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"hk-tab3-wrapper\">\n    <div>\n        <h3 class=\"hk-tab3-title\">Combustion Advantage<\/h3>\n        <p style=\"font-size: 15px; color: #6b7280; margin-bottom: 30px; line-height: 1.7;\">\n            Healthyking&#8217;s multi-stage combustion process achieves virtually zero metal residue in production, with ash content significantly lower than that of traditional arc discharge methods.\n        <\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"hk-prog-lbl\"><span>HPLC Purity<\/span><span style=\"color:#2E7D32;\">99.95%<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"hk-prog-bar\"><div class=\"hk-prog-fill\" style=\"width: 99.95%;\"><\/div><\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hk-prog-lbl\"><span>Metal Traces<\/span><span style=\"color:#2E7D32;\">Non-Detected<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"hk-prog-bar\"><div class=\"hk-prog-fill\" style=\"width: 100%;\"><\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hk-cert-box\">\n        <svg width=\"48\" height=\"48\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2E7D32\" stroke-width=\"2\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><path d=\"M12 22s8-4 8-10V5l-8-3-8 3v7c0 6 8 10 8 10z\"><\/path><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n        <div style=\"font-size: clamp(24px, 5vw, 32px); font-weight: 900; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 5px;\">Premium Grade<\/div>\n        <p style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #9ca3af; margin: 0;\">Certified for Medical &amp; Electronics<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<style>.gspb_container-id-gsbp-ca60a57{flex-direction:column;box-sizing:border-box;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-ca60a57.gspb_container > p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-ca60a57.gspb_container{position:relative;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-ca60a57.gspb_container{margin-top:60px;margin-bottom:60px;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-ca60a57.gspb_container{box-sizing:border-box;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-container gspb_container gspb_container-gsbp-ca60a57\" id=\"gspb_container-id-gsbp-ca60a57\">\n<h2 id=\"synthesis-of-buckminsterfullerene\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Important Properties of Fullerene C60<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"molecular-rather-than-extended-structure\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Molecular rather than extended structure<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C60 is a molecular carbon material. Molecules can pack into a solid crystal, but the forces between neighboring cages differ from the strong covalent bonds within each cage. It is therefore misleading to describe solid C60 as if it were simply a small piece of graphite, graphene or diamond.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"electron-accepting-behavior\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Electron-accepting behavior<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C60 can accept electrons and participate in charge-transfer interactions. This property has supported extensive investigation in molecular electronics, organic semiconductors and photovoltaic devices. However, electron acceptance is not the same as metallic conductivity. Pristine C60 powder does not conduct electricity like copper, graphite or graphene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Electronic values such as HOMO level, LUMO level and effective energy gap should always be accompanied by the measurement or calculation method. Results can vary with molecular environment, film morphology, substrate, interface, temperature and experimental technique. A single set of energy values should not be presented as a universal batch specification unless it has been measured for that material under defined conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"solubility-and-dispersion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Solubility and dispersion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pristine C60 is effectively insoluble in water under ordinary handling conditions, although aggregates or specially prepared dispersions can behave differently from molecularly dissolved C60. It is soluble to varying degrees in selected organic solvents, particularly some aromatic and halogenated systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Solubility is not one fixed property independent of conditions. Temperature, solvent purity, crystal form, equilibration time and analytical method can affect a reported value. Researchers should consult application-specific data rather than assuming that a literature number guarantees the same concentration in a production formulation. See the detailed guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/solubility-of-pristine-fullerenes-organic-solvents\/\">C60 and C70 solubility in organic solvents<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"chemical-functionalization\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chemical functionalization<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"synthesis-of-buckminsterfullerene\">The conjugated carbon cage can participate in addition reactions, allowing chemists to attach functional groups and create fullerene derivatives. Functionalization may improve solution processability, introduce molecular recognition or alter electronic and interfacial behavior. It also creates a new compound: evidence obtained for a derivative cannot automatically be attributed to pristine C60, and evidence for pristine C60 cannot automatically be transferred to every derivative.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<style>#gspb_row-id-gsbp-8668df9{justify-content:space-between;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-8668df9 > .gspb_row__content{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin:0 auto;width:100%;flex-wrap:wrap;}.gspb_row{position:relative;}div[id^=gspb_col-id]{box-sizing:border-box;position:relative;}body.gspb-bodyfront #gspb_row-id-gsbp-8668df9 > .gspb_row__content{width:var(--theme-container-width,1200px);}body.gspb-bodyfront #gspb_row-id-gsbp-8668df9 > .gspb_row__content{max-width:var(--theme-normal-container-max-width,1200px);}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-8668df9{margin-bottom:40px;}#gspb_row-id-gsbp-8668df9{background-color:#111827;}<\/style>\n<section class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-row alignfull gspb_row gspb_row-id-gsbp-8668df9\" id=\"gspb_row-id-gsbp-8668df9\"><div class=\"gspb_row__content\"> <style>#gspb_col-id-gsbp-bf9d8be.gspb_row__col--12{width:100%;}@media (max-width:689.98px){#gspb_col-id-gsbp-bf9d8be.gspb_row__col--12{width:100%;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-row-column gspb_row__col--12 gspb_col-id-gsbp-bf9d8be\" id=\"gspb_col-id-gsbp-bf9d8be\">\n<div><style>\n    .hk-matrix-wrapper {\n        background: #111827;\n        padding: 80px 20px;\n        width: 100%;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Segoe UI\", Roboto, sans-serif;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n    }\n\n    .hk-matrix-header {\n        max-width: 1200px;\n        margin: 0 auto 44px;\n        display: flex;\n        justify-content: space-between;\n        align-items: flex-end;\n        gap: 30px;\n    }\n\n    .hk-matrix-header h2 {\n        font-size: clamp(28px, 4vw, 42px);\n        font-weight: 900;\n        color: #ffffff;\n       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{\n        border-color: #2F7D31;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        background: rgba(47, 125, 49, 0.12);\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 900px) {\n        .hk-matrix-header {\n            flex-direction: column;\n            align-items: flex-start;\n            gap: 15px;\n        }\n\n        .hk-matrix-grid {\n            grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n        }\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 480px) {\n        .hk-matrix-wrapper {\n            padding: 44px 15px;\n        }\n\n        .hk-matrix-header {\n            margin-bottom: 28px;\n        }\n\n        .hk-matrix-item {\n            padding: 26px 20px;\n        }\n\n        .hk-matrix-row {\n            flex-direction: column;\n            gap: 16px;\n        }\n\n        .hk-border-sep {\n            border-left: none;\n            padding-left: 0;\n            border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);\n            padding-top: 16px;\n        }\n\n        .hk-matrix-cta a {\n            width: 100%;\n        }\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"hk-matrix-wrapper\">\n    <div class=\"hk-matrix-header\">\n        <div>\n            <h2>Fullerene C60 vs C70 Comparison<\/h2>\n            <p>\n                Compare key molecular and application-related differences between Fullerene C60 and Fullerene C70 for research, advanced materials, organic electronics, photovoltaic studies, and B2B material selection.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"hk-matrix-note\">\n        Reference values may vary by purity, solvent, test method, temperature, and analytical conditions. For procurement decisions, buyers should confirm batch-specific COA, MSDS\/SDS, target purity, packaging, and application requirements before ordering.\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"hk-matrix-grid\">\n        <div class=\"hk-matrix-item\">\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-label\">Molecular Weight<\/div>\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-row\">\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col\">\n                    <h4>720.67 g\/mol<\/h4>\n                    <span>Fullerene C60<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col hk-border-sep\">\n                    <h4>840.78 g\/mol<\/h4>\n                    <span>Fullerene C70<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"hk-matrix-item\">\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-label\">Molecular Structure<\/div>\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-row\">\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col\">\n                    <h4>Spherical Cage<\/h4>\n                    <span>Fullerene C60<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col hk-border-sep\">\n                    <h4>Elongated Cage<\/h4>\n                    <span>Fullerene C70<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"hk-matrix-item\">\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-label\">Carbon Atoms<\/div>\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-row\">\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col\">\n                    <h4>60<\/h4>\n                    <span>Fullerene C60<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col hk-border-sep\">\n                    <h4>70<\/h4>\n                    <span>Fullerene C70<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"hk-matrix-item\">\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-label\">Point Group<\/div>\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-row\">\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col\">\n                    <h4>Ih<\/h4>\n                    <span>Fullerene C60<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col hk-border-sep\">\n                    <h4>D5h<\/h4>\n                    <span>Fullerene C70<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"hk-matrix-item\">\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-label\">Application Focus<\/div>\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-row\">\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col\">\n                    <h4>Broad Research Use<\/h4>\n                    <span>Materials, coatings, lubricants, electronics<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col hk-border-sep\">\n                    <h4>Optoelectronic Research<\/h4>\n                    <span>Organic electronics and photovoltaic studies<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"hk-matrix-item\">\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-label\">Selection Factors<\/div>\n            <div class=\"hk-matrix-row\">\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col\">\n                    <h4>Purity &amp; Batch COA<\/h4>\n                    <span>Fullerene C60<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"hk-matrix-col hk-border-sep\">\n                    <h4>Optical\/Electronic Needs<\/h4>\n                    <span>Fullerene C70<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"hk-matrix-cta\">\n        <a class=\"hk-primary-btn\" href=\"\/request\/\">Request C60 or C70 Quote<\/a>\n        <a class=\"hk-secondary-btn\" href=\"\/product\/fullerene-c60\/\">View Fullerene C60<\/a>\n        <a class=\"hk-secondary-btn\" href=\"\/product\/fullerene-c70\/\">View Fullerene C70<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n <\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<style>.gspb_container-id-gsbp-8e4f25a{flex-direction:column;box-sizing:border-box;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-8e4f25a.gspb_container > p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-8e4f25a.gspb_container{position:relative;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-8e4f25a.gspb_container{margin-top:60px;margin-bottom:60px;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-8e4f25a.gspb_container{box-sizing:border-box;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-container gspb_container gspb_container-gsbp-8e4f25a\" id=\"gspb_container-id-gsbp-8e4f25a\">\n<h2 id=\"synthesis-of-buckminsterfullerene\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where Is Fullerene C60 Used or Studied?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"photovoltaics-and-electronic-materials\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Photovoltaics and electronic materials<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C60 is used as an electron-accepting or electron-transport-related material in selected device architectures. In inverted perovskite solar cells, thermally evaporated C60 is widely used as an electron-transport layer. A 2024 study in <em>Nature Communications<\/em> also demonstrated that source-material purification could affect repeated evaporation behavior and device reproducibility in the system examined.<sup><a href=\"#ref-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This does not mean that every photovoltaic design requires C60 or that one purity grade guarantees device performance. Deposition method, interface design, source handling, film morphology and the complete device stack remain important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"organic-electronics-and-molecular-research\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Organic electronics and molecular research<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C60 and its derivatives have been studied in organic photovoltaics, photodetectors, transistors, molecular junctions and charge-transfer systems. In many modern organic photovoltaic systems, non-fullerene acceptors have replaced classical fullerene derivatives, but C60 remains valuable as a reference molecule, interface material and research tool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"chemical-synthesis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chemical synthesis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The C60 cage serves as a defined molecular starting material for fullerene chemistry. Researchers use it to prepare mono-adducts, multi-adducts, polymers, donor\u2013acceptor compounds and other functionalized structures. Precursor purity can influence reaction analysis and downstream purification, but the necessary purity should be determined by the actual synthetic route.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"coatings-composites-and-tribology-research\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Coatings, composites and tribology research<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C60 has been investigated as a component in coatings, polymers, composites and lubricant formulations. Reported behavior depends strongly on dispersion, concentration, base material, surface chemistry and test conditions. Laboratory friction or wear results should not be converted into universal performance guarantees for every oil, coating or mechanical system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"biomedical-and-photochemical-research\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Biomedical and photochemical research<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pristine C60 and fullerene derivatives have been investigated in antioxidant, photodynamic, drug-delivery and other biological research. These subjects must remain research-oriented. Experimental activity does not establish clinical efficacy, regulatory approval, suitability for ingestion or safety in a finished medical or cosmetic product. Material identity, functionalization, formulation, dose, exposure route and biological model can all change the observed result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"fullerene-c60-vs-c70\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fullerene C60 vs C70<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C60 and C70 are related carbon cages, but they are not interchangeable. C60 contains 60 carbon atoms and has a highly symmetrical, near-spherical cage. C70 contains 70 carbon atoms and has a more elongated structure. The difference affects molecular symmetry, optical absorption, packing and application selection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C60 is generally the broader reference material for fullerene chemistry and is widely studied in thin films, perovskite interfaces, synthesis, coatings and tribology. C70 and its derivatives are frequently selected when their different optical or electronic behavior is relevant. The correct choice depends on the experimental system rather than a universal ranking of one fullerene over another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Researchers requiring a detailed comparison can review the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/about-fullerene\/what-is-fullerene-c70\/\">Fullerene C70 technical overview<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"references\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IUPAC Gold Book. \u201cFullerenes.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/F02547\/plain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/F02547\/plain<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PubChem, National Library of Medicine. \u201cFullerenes | C60 | CID 123591.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Fullerenes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Fullerenes<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kroto, H. W., et al. \u201cC60: Buckminsterfullerene.\u201d <em>Nature<\/em>, 318, 162\u2013163, 1985. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/318162a0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/318162a0<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nobel Prize. \u201cThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/chemistry\/1996\/summary\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/chemistry\/1996\/summary\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kr\u00e4tschmer, W., et al. \u201cSolid C60: A New Form of Carbon.\u201d <em>Nature<\/em>, 347, 354\u2013358, 1990. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/347354a0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/347354a0<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Said, A. A., et al. \u201cSublimed C60 for Efficient and Repeatable Perovskite-Based Solar Cells.\u201d <em>Nature Communications<\/em>, 15, 708, 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-44974-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-44974-0<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"uses-of-buckminsterfullerene\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">FAQ<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1781083895808\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is Fullerene C60?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Fullerene C60 is a carbon cage molecule composed of 60 carbon atoms arranged in a spherical structure. It is also known as Carbon 60 or Buckminsterfullerene.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1781083915692\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the CAS number of Fullerene C60?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The CAS number of Fullerene C60 is 99685-96-8.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1781083921752\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is Fullerene C60 soluble in water?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Fullerene C60 is insoluble in water. It is commonly dissolved in selected organic solvents such as toluene, chlorobenzene, or carbon disulfide depending on the application and handling requirements.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1781083928203\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What purity grades are available for Fullerene C60?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Available C60 purity grades may include 99.00%, 99.50%, 99.90%, and 99.95%. Buyers should select purity based on application requirements, test method, COA, and batch availability.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1781083934179\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What documents should buyers request before ordering C60?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>B2B buyers should request batch-specific COA, MSDS\/SDS, product specification, packaging information, and shipping documentation when relevant.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.gspb_container-id-gsbp-b9fee67{flex-direction:column;box-sizing:border-box;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-b9fee67.gspb_container > p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-b9fee67.gspb_container{position:relative;}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-b9fee67.gspb_container{box-sizing:border-box;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-container gspb_container gspb_container-gsbp-b9fee67\" 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!important;\n        transform: translateY(-2px);\n    }\n\n    .hk-trust-row {\n        max-width: 1200px;\n        margin: 14px auto 0;\n        display: flex;\n        flex-wrap: wrap;\n        gap: 8px;\n        padding-left: 42px;\n    }\n\n    .hk-trust-item {\n        display: inline-flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        gap: 7px;\n        background: #ffffff;\n        border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\n        border-radius: 999px;\n        padding: 7px 12px;\n        font-size: 12px;\n        font-weight: 750;\n        color: var(--text-muted);\n        line-height: 1.3;\n    }\n\n    .hk-cta-note {\n        max-width: 1200px;\n        margin: 12px auto 0;\n        padding-left: 42px;\n        color: #6b7280;\n        font-size: 13px;\n        line-height: 1.65;\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 980px) {\n        .hk-cta-card {\n            grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n            gap: 24px;\n        }\n\n        .hk-btn-group {\n            justify-content: flex-start;\n            flex-wrap: wrap;\n        }\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 640px) {\n        .hk-cta-wrapper {\n            padding: 40px 15px;\n        }\n\n        .hk-cta-card {\n            padding: 26px 20px;\n            border-radius: 18px;\n        }\n\n        .hk-cta-main {\n            flex-direction: column;\n            gap: 16px;\n        }\n\n        .hk-btn-group {\n            flex-direction: column;\n        }\n\n        .hk-btn {\n            width: 100%;\n        }\n\n        .hk-trust-row,\n        .hk-cta-note {\n            padding-left: 0;\n        }\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"hk-cta-wrapper\">\n    <div class=\"hk-cta-card\">\n        <div class=\"hk-cta-main\">\n            <div class=\"hk-cta-icon-box\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                <svg width=\"26\" height=\"26\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.1\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\">\n                    <path d=\"M14 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8z\"><\/path>\n                    <polyline points=\"14 2 14 8 20 8\"><\/polyline>\n                    <line x1=\"16\" y1=\"13\" x2=\"8\" y2=\"13\"><\/line>\n                    <line x1=\"16\" y1=\"17\" x2=\"8\" y2=\"17\"><\/line>\n                    <polyline points=\"10 9 9 9 8 9\"><\/polyline>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"hk-cta-copy\">\n                <h2>Request Fullerene C60 Documentation<\/h2>\n                <p>\n                    Get sample COA reference, MSDS\/SDS support, purity options, packaging information, sample availability, and quotation details for research or industrial procurement.\n                <\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"hk-btn-group\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/coa-report-of-fullerenes-c60.pdf\" class=\"hk-btn hk-btn-download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\">\n                    <path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"><\/path>\n                    <polyline points=\"7 10 12 15 17 10\"><\/polyline>\n                    <line x1=\"12\" x2=\"12\" y1=\"15\" y2=\"3\"><\/line>\n                <\/svg>\n                View Sample COA\n            <\/a>\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/request\/\" class=\"hk-btn hk-btn-inquiry\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\">\n                    <path d=\"M5 12h14\"><\/path>\n                    <path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"><\/path>\n                <\/svg>\n                Request Quote\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"hk-trust-row\">\n        <div class=\"hk-trust-item\">\n            <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2F7D31\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\">\n                <path d=\"M20 6 9 17l-5-5\"><\/path>\n            <\/svg>\n            Batch-specific COA available\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"hk-trust-item\">\n            <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2F7D31\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\">\n                <path d=\"M20 6 9 17l-5-5\"><\/path>\n            <\/svg>\n            MSDS\/SDS support\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"hk-trust-item\">\n            <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2F7D31\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\">\n                <path d=\"M20 6 9 17l-5-5\"><\/path>\n            <\/svg>\n            Sample and packaging options\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"hk-trust-item\">\n            <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2F7D31\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\">\n                <path d=\"M20 6 9 17l-5-5\"><\/path>\n            <\/svg>\n            International shipping support\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"hk-cta-note\">\n        The downloadable COA is provided as a sample reference. Buyers should request batch-specific COA, MSDS\/SDS, product specification, packaging details, and shipping confirmation before placing a sample or bulk order.\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1171,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1969","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":{"has_hero_section":"default","page_structure_type":"type-4","vertical_spacing_source":"custom","content_area_spacing":"none","content_style_source":"custom","content_style":"wide","styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"[data-prefix=\"single_page\"] [class*=\"ct-container\"] > article[class*=\"post\"] {--has-boxed:var(--false);--has-wide:var(--true);}","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1969","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1969"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1969\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3113,"href":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1969\/revisions\/3113"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1171"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thefullerene.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1969"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u5de5\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}