A perovskite–silicon tandem solar cell reported in 2026 reached a measured power conversion efficiency of 33.33% and a certified efficiency of 32.89% on an active area of approximately 1 cm². The result is technically important, but its cause must be…
The term metal-free Fullerene C60 sounds unambiguous, but it is not a complete analytical specification. It may describe a synthesis route that does not intentionally use a metal catalyst, a material in which selected metals were not detected above stated…
Fullerenes, notably buckminsterfullerene ($C_{60}$) and its higher-order counterparts ($C_{70}$ and $C_{84}$), have transitioned from laboratory curiosities to critical industrial feedstocks. Possessing a highly symmetric, icosahedral ($I_h$) closed-cage geometry composed of $12$ pentagons and $20$ hexagons, these carbon allotropes feature an…
In May 2026, the global photovoltaic sector witnessed a historic industrial milestone. Solar cell manufacturer Yingfa Ruineng successfully produced a large-format perovskite/back-contact (BC) tandem module delivering a record-breaking conversion efficiency of 26.78% and an extraordinary power output of 724 W.…
In the rapidly evolving landscape of clean energy, metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a highly disruptive alternative to conventional silicon photovoltaics, demonstrating a meteoric rise in certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% to over 27.0%…
In the modern landscapes of heavy industrial manufacturing, automotive engineering, and aerospace development, extreme operating conditions demand unprecedented performance from lubrication materials. Traditional full-synthetic lubricants frequently suffer from boundary film rupture when subjected to ultra-high temperatures, extreme pressures, and intense…
The cutaneous interface is constantly exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which is divided into UVB (290–320 nm) and UVA (320–400 nm) wavelengths. While UVB primarily targets the epidermis to cause direct DNA lesions, UVA penetrates deep into the dermis,…
Introduction The paradigm that fullerenes were purely synthetic materials was permanently altered in 1992. A collaborative study published in Science [257, 215 (1992)] by geochemist Peter R. Buseck and mineralogist Semeon J. Tsipursky from Arizona State University, alongside mass spectrometrist…
Organic photovoltaics and molecular electronics represent two important directions in advanced organic semiconductor research. Organic photovoltaics, often called OPVs, convert light into electricity through thin organic semiconductor layers. Molecular electronics studies how individual molecules or molecular assemblies can participate in…
C60 dissolved or dispersed in olive oil has attracted attention because of animal studies examining oxidative stress, toxicology and lifespan. Commercial descriptions may also use terms such as “ESS60,” “liposoluble C60” or “C60 oil.” These labels can make the material…
